Heat Stroke and The Other Heat Related Illness

Abstract

Climate change is causing global average temperatures to rise. The earth experiences extreme warming more often and over longer periods of time. As a result, the incidence of illness related to hot weather has increased. Hot-related illness is a disorder caused by an imbalance of thermoregulation mechanisms when the body is in a very thermal environment. They can be classified in order of mild to high severity: heat rash, heat edema, heat cramps, heat syncope,  rhadomyosis,  heat exhsustion, and heat stroke. 

Heat Rash

Hot or sweaty, characterized by small bumps on the skin. Caused by irritation of the skin. When the skin sweats a lot during hot weather, especially in hot and humid environments. The air has high relative humidity, causing the sweat gland ducts to become clogged. It is commonly found in the neck, chest, under the breast rail, armpits, groin, and other crooks of the arms and legs. Prevention of heat or sweating is achieved by trying to work in a cold environment. Low relative humidity Keep the location of the rash easily dry. Avoid applying creams or oils to the skin.

Heat edema

Sun swelling is a less severe heat-related illness. Symptoms are characterized by swelling and stiffness of the hands and feet. It is caused by the expansion of blood vessels in the skin area and fluid retention in the space between the cells in the arms and legs from sitting or standing for long periods of time. Swelling and stiffness in the feet may swell up to the ankles. Most do not swell above the shin and occur in the first few days of hot weather, especially in those who have not acclimatized to the hot weather. Sun swelling improves with avoiding prolonged sitting or standing. Do physical exercises, stretch arms and legs periodically.

Heat Cramps

Cramps are spontaneous muscle spasms that are not derived from the original underlying disease. It is usually found in athletes, workers who have to work hard or exercise for long periods of time. In hot weather, it causes a lot of sweating. The body loses a lot of water and minerals. This causes a decrease in the amount of mineral salts in the muscles. The main minerals are magnesium and potassium. It occurs more often in the muscles of the abdomen. Cramps can be caused by drinking a lot of cold water quickly after an activity, leading to extreme fatigue. In extreme heat. Cramps are an important warning sign before sun exhaustion.

Heat Syncope

Heatstroke is one of the most common symptoms when you are active in the sun for long periods of time. Symptoms include dizziness. Awareness of balance and place changes, feeling like head spinning. Fainting, temporary fainting due to a sudden drop in blood pressure after changing from a lying or sitting position to a rapid standing position. When in the sun for long periods of time. Causes of dilation of blood vessels in the skin This causes a decrease in the relative blood volume in the circulatory system. As a result, the amount of blood pumped to the brain is insufficient. The main factors that cause heat stroke are dehydration, lack of preparation to adjust to the body before outdoor activities, and gradually reducing fatigue from exercise.

Acute decay muscle stribe (rhadomyosis)

The occurrence of acute disintegration of striated muscles from activity. Prolonged extreme heat is a rare condition in general practice. Symptoms of acute striated muscle breakdown include: Muscle pain, cramps, muscle weakness, decreased endurance Many electrolytes, proteins, and other compounds inside the decay cells are released into the bloodstream. This results in irregular heartbeat, seizures, and damage to the kidneys, causing kidney damage. Serum keatinin phosphokinase levels  are significantly elevated. Myogolbin urea, muscle myogolbin protein found in urine. The urine is black like Coca Cola water. First aid to stop all activities in progress. Drink plenty of water. and take to the hospital for medical treatment.

 Heat exhaustion

Sun exhaustion is a symptom of exhaustion that occurs as a result of exposure to extremely hot air and high relative humidity. This causes the body to lose a lot of water and minerals from sweating a lot while doing strenuous activities or exercise. Causes dehydration and electrolyte depletion The heart pumps blood to organs decreases. It is more common in the elderly. Patients with high blood pressure and workers working outdoors or in hot weather. As a result, the core temperature rises above 38  degrees Celsius (100.4°F) but not more than 40.5 degrees Celsius (104.9°F) without any abnormalities in the functioning of the body's temperature-controlled nervous system. Symptoms of sun exhaustion include headache, nausea, dizziness. Weakness, restlessness, thirst, excessive sweating, less urination Rapid heartbeat may cause cramps and dehydration.

Heat Stroke

Heat stroke, or heat stroke, is the most intense heat-related illness. It is a condition in which the core temperature rises rapidly, exceeding 40.5 degrees Celsius within 10-15 minutes. Due to the body's inability to maintain the heat balance to the normal core temperature. This is due to a failure of the cooling mechanism. adversely affects the nervous system, Heat stroke can cause permanent disability or death. If not treated in a timely manner. Signs  and symptoms of heatstroke include axial temperature above 40.5 degrees Celsius, which is the main symptom of heat stroke. Changes in level of consciousness or behavior,  such as confusion, restlessness, slurred speech, hard tongue, irritability, delirium, seizures, and insensitivity. Sweating changes. Normally, in hot weather, sweating is intense, but in heatstroke patients, the skin feels hot but dry, or just a little damp. Nausea and vomiting, red skin, rapid but shallow breathing Rapid heartbeat, headache

Conclusion Extreme heat is a silent threat that poses a fatal summer hazard. Heatstroke is a medical emergency, but it can be corrected if it is treated in a timely manner. A healthy cardiovascular system is critical to maintaining balance between heat and core temperature. People with underlying diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially the elderly. Increased risk of heatstroke Heatstroke results in multi-organ system failure. In very severe cases, heart failure may occur. Circulatory system failure and subsequent death. Cooling, temperature reduction and palliative care It is very important to maintain heat stroke. Prevention is still more important than treatment. Risk Factor Awareness Preparing and acclimatizing the body and avoiding activities during periods of extreme heat can help reduce the incidence of heat-related illness.