Etiology and Factors Related to Outcome of Pediatric Convulsive Status Epilepticus
Abstract
Background: Convulsive status epilepticus is a common neurological emergency in children which is the cause of death and disabled outcome and increases risk of subsequent epilepsy.
Objective: To study the etiology and factors related to outcome of children with convulsive status epilepticus,mortality rate and subsequently epilepsy after convulsive status epilepticus.
Method: A retrospective descriptive study from In and out patient medical records of children aged 1 month to 15 years who were diagnosed with convulsive status epilepticus during October 2018-September 2023 at Chonburi hospital. The patients 63 cases were collected. The instruments of data collection were included sex, age, seizure type, etiology, duration of seizure, treatment, underlying disease, outcome, and electroencephalography result. Descriptive analysis applied for data analysis for relation of mortality rate to factors related.
Results: There were 37 boys (58.7%) and 26 girls (41.3%), aged 4 months to 14 years, mean age is 3 years 5 months, patients had underlying epilepsy 27 cases (42.8%) The most common precipitating factor was fever in 19 cases (30.2%) The duration of seizure was 5-90 minutes of mean duration 27 minutes. Overall mortality was 6 cases (9.5.%) The etiologies are central nervous system infection and septicemia. Electroencephalography abnormality after convulsive status and subsequent epilepsy were in patients 7 cases (18.9%)
Conclusions: About one-third of children with convulsive status epilepticus with pre-existing epilepsy or neurological disorder. One-third was the first episodes of seizure, fever was the most common precipitating factor. Mortality rate was 9.5 %, aged between 1-5 years and causes due to central nervous system infection and septicemia. Subsequent Epilepsy after convulsive status epilepticus were in patients 18.9%. Early recognition and treatment of fever and infection in conjunction with prompt and appropriate termination of seizure is important to prevent the occurrence of convulsive status epilepticus and its morbidity.
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