Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: NMS
Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a complication that can occur and is a significant concern, especially for individuals receiving antipsychotic medications. The condition is characterized by four prominent symptoms (tetrad): altered consciousness, muscle rigidity, fever, and changes in the autonomic nervous system. Most cases have a history of receiving antipsychotic drugs or other medications that cause a rapid alteration in dopamine levels. Although the incidence of NMS is rare, it can lead to severe complications, including rhabdomyolysis, pneumonia, acute kidney failure, sepsis, and death. Diagnosing NMS can be challenging as it needs to be differentiated from other conditions that present with fever and altered consciousness. Treatment involves discontinuing the causative medication and providing symptomatic supportive care. In severe cases, specific medications may be required. However, diagnosis based on clinical symptoms and early treatment is crucial to reducing complications and mortality rates.
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