Outcomes of Nitrofurantoin in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections

Authors

  • Manat Sitthichai Pharmacy Department, Prachomklao Hospital

Keywords:

nitrofurantoin, uncomplicated urinary tract infections, UTIs

Abstract

Background: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the common causative pathogens of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Currently, the resistance rates to cotrimoxazole and norfloxacin exceed 20%. Therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate alternative antibiotic for treatment.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of nitrofurantoin in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections with those of beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, or sulfonamide antibiotics.

Methods: This retrospective descriptive study compared clinical outcomes, microbiological outcomes, and recurrence rates between a group treated with nitrofurantoin (127 cases) and a group treated with beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, or sulfonamide antibiotics (325 cases), from April to September 2020.

Results: The clinical resolution rate for uncomplicated UTIs was 14.3% in the nitrofurantoin group (127 cases) out of a total of 452 cases, which was higher than the rate in the group receiving beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides (10.7%, 325 cases). This difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.002). In addition, the microbiological resolution rate was significantly higher in the nitrofurantoin group compared to the other group (83.3% vs. 65.8%; p-value = 0.046). However, recurrence rates were not significantly different between the two groups (14.0% vs. 9.1%; p-value = 0.469).

Conclusion: Nitrofurantoin demonstrated superior clinical and microbiological outcomes compared to other antibiotics and is appropriate for use as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Author Biography

Manat Sitthichai, Pharmacy Department, Prachomklao Hospital

B.Pharm., M.Pharm. (Clinical Pharmacy)

References

Bader MS, Loeb M, Leto D, Brooks AA. Treatment of urinary tract infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance and new antimicrobial agents. Postgrad Med. 2020;132(3):234-50. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1680052.

Ten Doesschate T, van Haren E, Wijma RA, Koch BCP, Bonten MJM, van Werkhoven CH. The effectiveness of nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin and trimethoprim for the treatment of cystitis in relation to renal function. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(10):1355-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.001.

Al-Zahrani J, Al Dossari K, Gabr AH, Ahmed AF, Al Shahrani SA, Al-Ghamdi S. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens isolated from adult women with acute uncomplicated cystitis. BMC Microbiol. 2019;19(1):237. doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1612-6.

Wawrysiuk S, Naber K, Rechberger T, Miotla P. Prevention and treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance-non-antibiotic approaches: a systemic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2019;300(4):821-8. doi: 10.1007/s00404-019-05256-z.

Sangsuwan T, Jamulitrat S, Phengmak M. Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin susceptibility among outpatient uropathogens in a tertiary care center in southern Thailand. J Health Sci Med Res. 2018;36(2):135–45; doi: 10.31584/jhsmr.2018.36.2.7.

Pedela RL, Shihadeh KC, Knepper BC, Haas MK, Burman WJ, Jenkins TC. Preferential use of nitrofurantoin over fluoroquinolones for acute uncomplicated cystitis and outpatient Escherichia coli resistance in an integrated healthcare system. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017;38(4):461-8. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.315.

Percival KM, Valenti KM, Schmittling SE, Strader BD, Lopez RR, Bergman SJ. Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention on urinary tract infection treatment in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2015;33(9):1129-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.04.067.

Howard B, Furman B. Nitrofurantoin. In: Reference module in biomedical sciences. n.p.: Elsevier; 2018. p.1-5. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.98024-3.

Mahdizade Ari M, Dashtbin S, Ghasemi F, Shahroodian S, Kiani P, Bafandeh E, et al. Nitrofurantoin: properties and potential in treatment of urinary tract infection: a narrative review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1148603. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1148603.

Wijma RA, Fransen F, Muller AE, Mouton JW. Optimizing dosing of nitrofurantoin from a PK/PD point of view: what do we need to know? Drug Resist Updat. 2019;43:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.03.001.

Lodhia S, Sharaf A, Foley C. Management of recurrent urinary tract infections in adults. Surgery (Oxford). 2020;38(4):197–203. doi: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2020.01.012.

Huttner A, Kowalczyk A, Turjeman A, Babich T, Brossier C, Eliakim-Raz N, et al. Effect of 5-day nitrofurantoin vs single-dose fosfomycin on clinical resolution of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319(17):1781-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.3627.

Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, Wullt B, Colgan R, Miller LG, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(5):e103-20. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciq257.

McKinnell JA, Stollenwerk NS, Jung CW, Miller LG. Nitrofurantoin compares favorably to recommended agents as empirical treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a decision and cost analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86(6):480-8. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0800.

Published

2025-07-15

How to Cite

1.
สิทธิชัย ม. Outcomes of Nitrofurantoin in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections. Thai J Clin Pharm [Internet]. 2025Jul.15 [cited 2025Dec.6];31(2):141-50. Available from: https://thaidj.org/index.php/TJCP/article/view/16461

Issue

Section

Research Articles