Oral Health Promotion and Diabetes Prevention in the Elder
Keywords:
oral health, diabetes, elder, สุขภาพช่องปาก, เบาหวาน, ผู้สูงอายุAbstract
การส่งเสริมสุขภาพช่องปากกับการป้องกันโรคเบาหวานในผู้สูงอายุ
วรวรรณ อัศวกุล
สำนักคณะกรรมการผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิ กรมอนามัย กระทรวงสาธารณสุข
ในปี พ.ศ. 2564 ประเทศไทยจะเข้าสู่สังคมสูงอายุอย่างสมบูรณ์ และคาดว่าจะมีผู้สูงอายุ 1 คนในทุกๆ 5 คนเป็นโรคเบาหวาน ในผู้สูงอายุโรคเบาหวานที่คุมระดับน้ำตาลได้ไม่ดีเป็นระยะเวลานานร่วมกับเป็นโรคเบาหวานมานานหลายปี ทำให้เกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนต่างๆเช่น จอตาเสื่อม โรคเส้นประสาท โรคไต โรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือด สำหรับในช่องปากพบโรคปริทันต์อักเสบ ซึ่งเป็นโรคที่ต้องได้รับการรักษาจากทันตแพทย์ เพราะหากไม่ได้รับการรักษาก็จะส่งผลต่อการควบคุมระดับน้ำตาลในเลือดเพราะโรคเบาหวานและโรคปริทันต์มีความสัมพันธ์แบบสองทาง บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาทบทวนมาตรการการส่งเสริมสุขภาพช่องปากและการป้องกันโรคเบาหวานในผู้สูงอายุ โดยเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลจากงานวิจัย หรือบทความวิชาการที่เกี่ยวข้องที่ตีพิมพ์เผยแพร่ไว้ในฐานข้อมูลอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ทั้งในประเทศและต่างประเทศ ผลการศึกษาสรุปได้ว่ามีความจําเป็นอย่างยิ่งที่จะต้องเตรียมความพร้อมในการรับมือกับผู้สูงอายุโรคเบาหวาน โดยเน้นการทำงานเป็นทีมสหวิชาชีพ เร่งการคัดกรองผู้สูงอายุที่มีปัจจัยเสี่ยง เพื่อค้นหาผู้ป่วยเบาหวานตั้งแต่ระยะแรกที่ยังไม่แสดงอาการให้ได้รับการรักษาอย่างทันท่วงที รวมทั้งเน้นการส่งเสริมสุขภาพช่องปากผู้สูงอายุโรคเบาหวานเพื่อให้มีสุขภาพช่องปากดี ลดการสูญเสียฟันและมีคุณภาพชีวิตที่ดี
Thailand will become completed aged society in 2021, found that 1 in every 5 elderly people has diabetes. Long-term complications in poorly controlled sugar levels in elderly diabetic patients were retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease and periodontitis. Periodontitis in elderly diabetic patients need the treatment from dentists, otherwise it will affect the glycemic control because periodontitis and diabetes were bidirectional relationship. The aim of this article was to review the effective measures on oral health promotion and diabetes prevention in the elder. The data were gathered from an electronic database that published in Thai and English. The result concluded that it was absolutely necessary to prepare for facing with elderly diabetic patients by focusing on working as multidisciplinary team and rapid screening in risk groups of the elderly for early detection of diabetes. Furthermore, emphasize on promoting oral health in elderly diabetic patients for reducing tooth loss and to have a good quality of life.
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