SARS-CoV-2 Variants: The Effectiveness of Vaccines and Therapies, Update

Abstract

The mutation of SARS-CoV-2 is as same as the other viruses. It develops when it spreads. The more a virus spreads, the more chance it has to mutate. Thousands of small changes have been seen in coronavirus so far, most with little impact. The mutations at spike glycoprotein are the major concern because this part is related to binding affinity to the human receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which affects susceptibility, transmissibility, severity to infection and ability to escape natural, adaptive, vaccine and therapeutic immunity. Multiple repeated mutation until the SARS-CoV-2 get the behavior and functional changes, the virus was identified as SARS-Cov-2 variant. The Virus Evaluation Working Group of World Health Organization (WHO) announced its recommendations for revised naming of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and Variants of interest (VOIs). The 4 variants of concern are Alpha variant, Beta variant, Gamma variant and Delta variant. The goal of COVID-19 pandemic victory, is not only prevent the people from contagious, but include preventing from symtomatic infection also. To date, the effectiveness of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies are inevitable. The re-infection rate and severities are increase. The spreading of infection is a major key of emerging of variant .and pandemic. Stop the spreading is the most crucial including hand hygiene, on mask, personal distancing, avoid crowded and vigilant about ventilation, develop the new generation vaccines which could prevent the variants and achieve herd immunity