Early Anemia and Neonatal Morbidity in Very Low Birth-Weight Preterm Infants in Maesot, Tak Province, Thailand
Keywords:
early anemia, very low birth-weight preterm, delayed cord clamping, retinopathy of prematurity, mortality rateAbstract
The objective of this study was to assess the association between early anemia with neonatal morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. This retrospective study was conducted on 75 patients with VLBW admitted at Maesot Hospital from October 2018 to March 2021. The subjects were divided into two groups: (1) patients with anemia at admission and (2) patients without anemia. Their characteristics and outcomes were compared. Statistical analysis was t-test, chisquare test and binary logistic regression analysis that was performed using SPSS, version 27.0.1 and a value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. It was found that the total of the 75 VLBW, 11 (14.7%) presented with anemia at admission and 64 (85.3%) without anemia. Anemia-naive presented lower mean hematocrit at the admission (36.0±3.1 vs 50.5±5.6 vol%, p<0.01), mean hematocrit of mother at ANC period (33.2±5.1 vs 35.1±4.7 vol%, p=0.341), and mean hematocrit of mother at labour room (32.7±4.2 vs35.6±5.5 vol%, p=0.189). The anemic group presented lower gestational age (28.7±1.4 vs. 30.3±2.8 weeks, p=0.025), intraventricular hemorrhage (0 vs.4.7%, p=0.464), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (36.4 vs 14.1%, p=0.71), necrotizing enterocolitis (9.1 vs 10.9%, p=0.855) and mortality rate (27.3 vs 12.5, p=0.201). The study found that anemic infants had 1.9 fold increased risk of retinopathy of prematurity. (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.7-2.1, p=0.04) . In conclusion, early anemia in very low birth-weight preterm infants had increased risk of retinopathy of prematurity. Placenta transfusion, early anemia infants screening and rational blood transfusion should be encouraged.
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