Trend Analysis of Medical Services Expenditure from the National Health Security Fund of Public Hospitals under The Ministry of Public Health in Comparison to Private Hospitals

Abstract

This descriptive study aimed to examine the financial situation and trend in medical services revenue derived from the health insurance system of public hospitals under the Ministry of Public Health. Data were gathered from three main sources: the financial reports of public hospitals, the Thai National Health Expenditure, and the Fund Management Manual. Additionally, expert opinions and information served as a means to fine-tune the data analysis and gather insights from healthcare financing specialists. The findings indicated a substantial surge in total Thai health expenditure, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of hospital revenue and expenditure revealed a significant increase from THB 248,423 million in 2018 to THB 395,430 million in 2022. Hospital expenditure showed significant growth, escalating from THB 236,538 million in 2018 to THB 339,058 million in 2022. The majority of the total hospital expenditure was attributed to labor costs, followed by material costs, and capital costs. The number of deficit hospitals decreased over the period shown. One obvious factor contributing to the overall increase in healthcare expenditures was from the COVID-19 situation involving the escalated provision of services for both outpatient and inpatient care. However, this escalation represented a short-term phenomenon within the span of 1-2 years following the aforementioned circumstances. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct ongoing studies and monitor the incurred expenses continuously. This endeavor serves as a critical component for informing future fiscal and treasury planning within the nation.