Development of an Integrated Cross-Border Patient Referral Model Between Trat Province, Thailand, and Koh Kong Province, Cambodia

Abstract

Abstract

Cross-border patient referrals between Trat Province, Thailand, and Koh Kong Province, Cambodia, have been ongoing, yet significant operational obstacles persist. This study aimed to investigate the current situation, identify problems and barriers, and develop an integrated cross-border patient referral model between Trat Province, Thailand, and Koh Kong Province, Cambodia. This participatory action research (PAR) employed a mixed-methods design, primarily utilizing qualitative approaches supported by quantitative methods, emphasizing stakeholder participation throughout all stages.

The findings revealed crucial challenges related to personnel, infrastructure, operational guidelines, data management, budget, and communication/legal frameworks. Consequently, an integrated referral model was developed, encompassing seven key components: 1) personnel, 2) infrastructure, equipment, and tools, 3) operational guidelines, 4) technology and information systems, 5) costs and budget, 6) relevant legal aspects, and 7) collaboration and coordination. Practitioners reported high satisfaction with the developed cross-border referral model ( = 4.16).

Recommendations include fostering integration among relevant agencies in both countries, covering human resource development, guideline creation, budget allocation, medical equipment, information and communication systems, and engaging all stakeholders—governmental, private, and civil society—in planning and implementation to enhance the efficiency of the cross-border referral system.

Keywords : Patient Referral Model, Cross border, Integration