Preventive Behaviors during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Application of the Health Belief Model in Thailand
Keywords:
Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, Health Belief Model, ThailandAbstract
This study aimed to investigate COVID-19 preventive behaviors, patterns of the Health Belief Model (HBM), and factors affecting COVID-19 preventive behaviors among Thai people. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Thailand. Thai people with age above 18 years old were enrolled using convenience sampling method. They completed the questionnaire through a web-based survey in August 2020 and April 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the characteristic data, preventive health behaviors, and HBM constructs. Multiple regression analysis was analyzed to measure the association between the preventive behaviors and predictor variables. Statistical significance was defined at p-value <0.05. Total of 268 persons participated in this study. Most respondents were female (n=189, 70.5%), their mean of age was 32.14±10.73 years. Regarding preventive behaviors from COVID-19, the highest of mean score of preventive behaviors were wearing a facemask (4.20±1.38), do not go to crowded areas (4.16±1.35), and keeping a social distancing (4.08±1.38), respectively. Overall, mean HBM score was 3.99±0.50. The highest score was “perceived severity” (4.44±0.62), followed by “perceived susceptibility” (4.29±0.78), “self-efficacy” (4.27±0.64), and “perceived benefits” (4.24±0.73), respectively. All six HBM constructs did not correlate to the COVID-19 preventive behaviors. In conclusion, the respondents performed good preventive behaviors of COVID-19. All HBM constructs were not associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors. In the Thai population, the HBM is not a powerful analytical tool for predicting COVID-19 preventative behaviors.
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