Associations between Urinary Cadmium and Hypertension, Diabetes, and Urinary Stones among Adults with Cadmium Exposure, Mae Sot District, Tak Province-ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างระดับแคดเมียมในปัสสาวะ กับความชุกของโรคความดันโลหิตสูง เบาหวาน และนิ่วในทางเดินปัสสาวะ ในประชากรผู้ใหญ่ที่สัมผัสสารแคดเมียม อำเภอแม่สอด จังหวัดตาก

Abstract

           This paper reported the associations between urinary cadmium and hypertension, diabetes, and urinary stones in an adult population living in cadmium-contaminated areas, Mae Sot District, Tak Province. A total of 795 cadmium-exposed adults were screened for urinary cadmium, urinary calcium, hypertension, diabetes, and urinary stones. The chi-square test was used for comparison between proportions and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations between urinary cadmium and hypertension, diabetes, and urinary stones, after adjusting for other co-variables. The mean age of the study persons was 50 years. The overall prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, and urinary stones were 33.3 percent, 6.2 percent, and 8.9 percent respectively. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, and urinary stones were greatest in those with urinary cadmium levels ณ 15 g/g creatinine. However, The rates of these 3 diseases did not significantly increase with increasing urinary cadmium levels, after adjusting for other co-variables. In this population, risk for hypertension, diabetes, and urinary stones remained uncertain in relation to cadmium exposure. However, since human excessive exposure to cadmium can cause renal dysfunction, cadmium-exposed persons should be screened for other medical conditions relating to nephropathy. Early detection of these disorders and appropriate management may reduce the deterioration of renal damage in the population with cadmium exposure.

Key words: urinary cadmium, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, urinary stone