Development of a Questionnaire for Assessing the Understanding of Monochrome GDAs Nutritional Label among Thai Children Aged 10-18 Years

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Abstract

Understanding Monochrome Guideline Daily Amount (GDA) nutritional label helps children to
make healthier food choices. The objective of this study is to develop a questionnaire to assess Thai
children’s understanding of GDA nutritional label. A mixed-methods research was employed, including both
qualitative and quantitative research. For the qualitative research, data were collected through a literature
review, consultation meetings with research advisors, and focus group discussions with Thai children aged
10-18 years. Quantitative research was collected through assessments conducted by nutrition experts.
The analysis of validity was divided into two areas: (1) content validity, analyzed using the content
validity index (CVI), and (2) face validity, which involved assessing the clarity and language usage
in the questionnaire. Reliability was evaluated through a test-retest method. The study found that there
were eight questions in total to assess understanding of GDA nutritional label. The content validity of the
questionnaire had a relevance score of 0.95 and a clarity score of 0.93. The reliability of the
questionnaire, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.715 in the first test and 0.835 in the second
test. The intra-class correlation was 0.709 in the first round and 0.805 in the second round. These
results indicated that the questionnaire had both excellent content and face validity, as well as a good level
of reliability. Therefore, this questionnaire can be effectively used to assess the understanding of GDA
nutritional label among Thai children aged 10-18 years.