Effectiveness of a Performance and Muscle Mass Enhancement Program to Prevent Oral Frailty among Older Adults in Senior Clubs, Samut Prakan Province

Abstract

       This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a physical performance and muscle mass enhancement program for preventing oral frailty among older adults in senior clubs in Samut Prakan Province. The participants were 230 adults aged 60 years and older    who were members of senior clubs. They were selected using purposive sampling and divided into two groups, intervention and control group, representing all districts of the province. The intervention was implemented over a 12-week period. Data were collected before and after the intervention using questionnaires and comprehensive assessments covering three dimensions: nutritional status, muscle mass and physical performance, and oral health. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index, waist circumference, and protein intake. Muscle mass and physical performance were evaluated using the SARC-F questionnaire, Timed Up and Go Test, handgrip strength test, and five-times sit-to-stand test. Oral health was assessed using the Oral Frailty Index-8, Eating Assessment Tool-10, and Oral Health Assessment Tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and McNemar’s tests. The results showed statistically significant reductions in the risks of oral frailty and dysphagia after participation in the program (p value <0.05). Significant improvements were also observed in the condition of the tongue, gums, oral tissues, saliva, natural teeth, and oral pain. Muscle performance, nutritional status, body mass index, and protein intake behaviors showed favorable changes; however, these improvements were not statistically significant. These findings demonstrate the potential effectiveness of a physical performance and muscle mass enhancement program in preventing oral frailty among older adults. The program may be further implemented and expanded in senior clubs and schools for older adults.