Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing Program on Self-care Behaviors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at The Lifestyle Medicine Clinic Metropolitan Health and Wellness Institution.

Abstract

This quasi-experimental research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a motivational interviewing program on self-care behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Lifestyle Medicine Clinic, Metropolitan Health and Wellness Institution. The sample consisted of type 2 diabetic patients attending the Lifestyle Medicine Clinic at the Metropolitan Health and wellness Institute, Department of Health, Bangkok, Thailand. The sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1.9.7 (Effect size = 0.80, Power = 0.95), yielding 70 participants; an additional 10% was added to account for attrition, resulting in a total of 78 participants. They were randomly assigned into either the experimental group (n = 39) or the control group (n = 39) using simple random sampling via drawing. The study was conducted from June to December 2025. The experimental group received a 4-session motivational interviewing program (the first and final sessions lasted 30 minutes in person at the clinic, supplemented by 2 telephone follow-ups lasting 5–10 minutes each). The control group received routine care. Baseline characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Mean scores of self-care behaviors and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were compared using Paired t-test and Independent t-test.

The results showed that after receiving the program, the experimental group had significantly higher mean scores of diabetes self-care behaviors than before the intervention and than the control group (p < .001), with a mean score of 113.73 (SD = 6.37). In addition, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of the experimental group decreased from 7.97% to 6.48%, which was significantly different from the control group (p < .001). Based on these findings, the motivational interviewing program was highly effective in promoting health behaviors and controlling HbA1c levels. Therefore, this program should be integrated into routine health care services to enhance the self-care capacity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus continuously and sustainably.