Factors Associated with Success Suicidal Attempt, Wangchin District, Phrae Province

Abstract

Understanding the factors associated with suicide is essential for developing effective prevention strategies and providing timely support for individuals at risk. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate factors associated completed suicide among patients diagnosed with intentional self-harm (ICD-10 codes X60–X84) who received care at Wang Chin Hospital, Phrae Province, between 1 October 2014 and 30 September 2024. Medical records of 238 patients were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participants’ characteristics, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with completed suicide, with a statistical significance level of 0.05.

The research findings revealed that among the 238 patients, 70 died by suicide and 168 survived a suicide attempt. The predictors of successful suicide in Wang Chin District, Phrae Province, using the 5-factor TK Model included: weak protective factors related to the lack of a warning and assistance system had a 14.16 times higher risk of successful suicide (95%CI = [3.30-60.80], p = 0.00). Males had a 13.37 times higher risk of successful suicide (95%CI = [4.80-37.26], p = 0.00). Failure in Surveillance had a 11.32 times higher risk of successful suicide 11.32 (95%CI = [2.14-59.91], p = 0.00). Causes of suicide included romantic disappointment/jealousy (7.03 times higher risk of successful suicide, 95%CI = [1.10-44.89], p = 0.04) and work-related stress increased the risk of successful suicide by 4.03 times (95%CI = [1.13-14.44], p = 0.03). Having underlying medical conditions increased the risk of successful suicide by 2.47 times (95%CI = [1.04-5.87], p = 0.04), and one year of age increased the risk of successful suicide by 1.04 times (95%CI = [1.01-1.07], p = 0.00). The TK Five-Factor Suicide Model explained 54.8% of the variance in completed versus non-completed suicide. These findings underscore the need for integrated suicide prevention strategies that strengthen surveillance and early warning systems, enhance risk screening, and promote community participation to improve the effectiveness of suicide prevention programs.