Supportive Outdoor Environment Factors: Case Study of Community Hospitals in Central Region of Thailand

Abstract

The natural environment plays a crucial role in fostering healing, reducing stress, and expediting recovery from illness. This study aimed to identify the key factors contributing to physically and mentally supportive outdoor environments in community hospitals within Thailand’s central region. Conducted between March and May 2022, the research involved a comprehensive assessment of outdoor environment characteristics, behavioral mapping, user surveys, and interviews with hospital administrators across three community hospitals in central Thailand. Criteria encompassed safety, accessibility, sense of control, social support, physical activity facilitation, and the provision of natural stress relief. Findings revealed that patients often gravitated towards outdoor spaces adjacent to buildings, particularly those featuring shaded areas, greenery, and amenities such as cafeteria service point. However, evaluations highlighted deficiencies in various aspects of these outdoor environments, with notable exceptions in their capacity to offer natural stress relief. Challenges included budgetary constraints, staffing limitations, and knowledge gaps in outdoor space management were identified. Nevertheless, users acknowledged the benefits of outdoor spaces, aligning with the “Green and Clean” concept, a cornerstone of the Ministry of Public Health’s policies. Consequently, the development of outdoor spaces promoting both physical and mental well-being, through comprehensive environmental enhancements and low-maintenance landscaping strategies, could alleviate budgetary pressures. Moreover, the creation of manuals and implementation of training programs aimed at educating personnel in the effective management and development of these spaces could foster understanding and sustainability in the long term, reducing maintenance burdens.