Risk Factors and Health Effects of Household Air Pollution: a Case Study of Saiyong-Saiwal Sub-district, Krobburi District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Abstract

Household air pollution is a major global health concern, primarily caused by the use of unclean fuels, indoor smoking, and household cleaning or insecticide products. This study aimed to examine the association between household air pollution factors and health impacts among residents in households located in Saiyong–Saiwal Subdistrict Municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. A total of 330 house holds were surveyed between March and September 2020. Data were collected using household activity surveys and health impact questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were used. The results showed that most households used chemical cleaning agents (69.7%), had the presence of vector-borne insects (61.8%), smoked indoors (60.9%), and used charcoal or wood for cooking (56.4%). Significant risk factors included indoor smoking, which was associated with chest tightness (aOR=2.31, 95%CI=1.01–5.31) and skin rashes (aOR=1.93, 95%CI=1.05–3.56). The use of mothballs was associated with phlegm (aOR=3.27, 95%CI=1.27–8.40). The use of spray insecti cides was associated with eye irritation (aOR=2.02, 95%CI=1.06–3.87) and skin rashes (aOR=3.00, 95%CI=1.56–5.76). In conclusion, the use of chemical products and indoor smoking increased the risk of adverse health symptoms. Public health communication and education are therefore essential to pro mote the proper use of household products and personal protection. In addition, relevant agencies should establish surveillance and intervention measures to reduce household air pollution and its health impacts.