Effcacy of Lemon Peel Patch with Caesalpinia sappan Heartwood Crude Extracts in Inhibiting AcneCausing Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative bacteria of inflammatory acne. An alternative treatment for acne causing S. aureus is used Caesalpinia sappan heartwood containing bioactive compounds. Therefore, C. sappan heartwood crude extracts and pectin from lemon peels were utilyzed to develop a patch for decreasing the inflammatory process. The purposes of this research were to study the activity of crude extract from C. sappan heartwood against S. aureus and develop the acne patch from lemon peels with C. sappan heartwood crude extracts against S. aureus. Caesalpinia sappan heartwood was extracted by 95% ethanol while 10,000 ppm of clindamycin was used as the positive control. The crude extracts were examined for antibacterial activity against S. aureus using the disc diffusion method; and the antibacterial activity using the crude extracts of plant heartwood at 10,000, 20,000, 40,000 ppm and clindamycin at 10,000 ppm was compared. The crude extract was tested for the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results showed that the MIC of S. aureus was 625 ppm and the MBC was 40,000 ppm. Subsequently, the patch from lemon peels with C. sappan heartwood crude extracts was developed and tested for inhibiting acne-causing S. aureus. The results indicated that the patch from lemon peels with 40,000 ppm of C. sappan heartwood crude extracts had the average inhibition zone diameter of 1.57 cm. Thus, the patch from lemon peels with C. sappan heartwood crude extracts should be further studied for anti-inflammatory and clinical effects aiming for the development of a drug or a cosmeceutical product.