Sodium Intake in Thai Population Assessed by 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion: a Cross-Section Study
Keywords:
noncommunicable diseases, sodium consumption, urinary sodium excretion assessmentAbstract
The study aimed to estimate mean of consumption in population 20-69 years. A sample survey was conducted among population aged 20 – 69 years to examine the estimated mean of sodium consumption in urine excretion within 24 hours period in four provinces of Thailand: Srisaket, Ubonratchathani, Umnart Charoen, and Payao. Stratified two-stage cluster sampling was used to randomize in each province. The eligible samples were 1,046 for analysis. Weighted population was a method used to design weight with an adjustment by post-stratification. The results displayed that the mean sodium consumption in population among the 4 provinces was 1.4-2.0 times higher than the WHO’s recommendation level. Approximately 70.8-89.9% of the total population in each province consumed more than 2,000 mg of sodium per day. The average daily weighted mean sodium consumption in the 4 provinces was 3,236.8 mg (95%CI= 3,074.5-3,399.1). Males consumed average sodium of 3,338 mg per day (95%CI=3,081.9-3,596.0) more than females (3,140 mg per day, 95%CI=3,000.0- 3,280.5). The average amount of sodium consumption decreased with age. Additionally, the increased sodium consumption correlated with body mass index (BMI). When comparing the deference mean of sodium consumption among groups, the result discovered significant difference in province area, body mass index, age group, education level, and income per month. Multivariate weighted logistic regression illustrated the two significant influencing factors which were (1) BMI equal and greater than 30 kg/ m2 (AOR 10.08 95%CI=1.79-56.77 p<0.05) and (2) specific province, namely, Payoa (AOR 3.70 95%CI=1.33-10.31 p<0.05). The trend of increasing sodium consumption was increasing in adolescence and people of working age. For this reason, a decisive action should be taken to reduce the amount of sodium consumed among children and adults by raising the awareness of the harm and reducing daily sodium dietary consumption.
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