A Study of Serotype and Genotype of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Thailand 2024
Keywords:
dengue virus, serotypes, genotypes, dengue hemorrhagic feverAbstract
Dengue fever remains a significant public health concern in Thailand, with high annual incidence, particularly during the rainy season. Disease severity varies among individuals and may lead to fatal outcomes if not appropriately managed. Although dengue vaccines have been developed, their use remains limited and continues to be evaluated in different epidemiological settings. This study aimed to investigate the serotypes and genotypes of dengue virus circulating in Thailand in 2024. Samples were collected from multiple provinces and across Thailand, allowing assessment of nationwide serotype distribution. A total of 1,000 samples from dengue-suspected patients diagnosed with dengue fever or screened positive for NS1 antigen were included. Demographic data including sex, age, province, and month of illness were collected. Dengue virus serotypes were identified using real-time RT-PCR from 934 samples. All four dengue virus serotypes were detected: Dengue virus 1 (41.43%), Dengue virus 2 (33.94%), Dengue virus 3 (11.99%), and Dengue virus 4 (11.67%), with co-infection detected in 0.96% of the samples. Genotype analysis using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of 65 samples showed that most dengue virus 1 strains were Genotype I (94.44%), while one sample (5.56%) from a Brazilian tourist was identified as Genotype V, which has been rarely reported in Thailand. Dengue virus 2 consisted of Genotype V (55.56%) and Genotype II (44.44%). Dengue virus 3 and Dengue virus 4 were entirely Genotype III and Genotype I, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the clustering of Thai strains with previously reported regional lineages. The results indicate that all four dengue virus serotypes were widely distributed across Thailand, with Dengue virus 1 as the dominant serotype. However, no major shift in genotype distribution was observed among the analyzed samples. These findings highlight the importance of continuous surveillance to monitor viral evolution and potential changes in circulating genotypes. This information provides useful insights for dengue surveillance, outbreak preparedness, and the development of diagnostic methods and vaccines.
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