Prevalence and Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Chaiyaphum Hospital

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GMD) is a cindition that develops and is diagnosed during pregnancy. The impact of GDM affacts both mother and fetus. Risk assessment for GDM should be undertaken at the first prenatal visit. The purpose of the retrospective descriptive study was to determine the prevalance and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus at Chaiyaphum Hospital during October 1, 2012 to September 30, 2014. The study population included 476 pregnant women who were attending Antenatal Care Clinic, Chaiyaphum Hospital and screened with 50 GST. If the 50g GST levels became abnormal as a result of plasma glucose, the prenant women then underwent to the 100g OGTT. GDM was defined at least two abnormal plasma glucose measurement during the 100g OGTT. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results revealed that 3,802 pregnant women were screened for gestational diabetes and 476 cases (12.51%) were identified as being at risk and were given with 50g GST. The prevalence of GDM was 57 cases (11.97% of high risk pregnancy and 1.50% of all pregnant women) Majority of the women were GDM class A1 (43 cases, 75.44%) and only fourteen cases (24.56%) were GDM class A2. Risk factor for GDM were family history of mellitus (40.37%), age ≥35 years (31.19%) and BMI before pregnancy  ≥27 (22.80%) respectively.

The results of this study indicate a high incidence of GDM in our area. We recommend screening for GDM in all pregnant women to facilitate early diagnosis which is associated with improved pregnancy outcome.