Prevalence and Risk Factors of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Keywords:
healthcare workers (HCWs), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a high-risk group of acquiring tuberculosis (TB) infection attributed to the occupationally frequent exposure to TB patients. The exposure may result in the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with no symptoms or latent tuberculosis. In Thailand, the information of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is still limited. This study presented the result of detection of latent tuberculosis in 179 healthcare workers in Rayong Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in the Eastern region of Thailand. QuantiFERON-TB Gold plus assay to detect interferon gamma specific to MTB revealed the LTBI prevalence in a value of 30.2% (95% confidential interval [CI]; 23.4-37.0) and risk factors associated with LTBI were identified based on the analysis of individual information in the questionnaires. All participants were female with the age range of 22-59 years old (median of age = 40). Of these, about 78.2% were nurse or nurse assistants and 42.46% have been working at internal medicine ward. The median value of working duration was 16 years (a period range = 1-41 years). Multivariate analyses identified two significant risk factors (p<0.05) associated with LTBI which included job duty as nurse or nursing assistant (adjusted odd ratio 4.1,95% CI; 1.4-11.4) and workplace at internal medicine ward (adjusted odd ratio 2.5, 95% CI; 1.1-5.5) including intensive care, surgery, accident, and emergency units. Based on the study results, it was demonstrated that the investigation for LTBI in healthcare workers could support TB control and could be useful for disease surveillance. In addition, it could guide the prophylactic treatment individually for the appropriate management of LTBI. Therefore, the high prevalence of LTBI should be paid attention in improving the effectiveness of infection prevention, including further preventive treatment guidelines.
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